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12 Fascinating photos offer a glimpse into all the Apollo Missions and Moon landings

 

The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which had accomplished landing the first humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972. First conceived during Dwight D. Eisenhower’s administration as a three-man spacecraft to follow the one-man Project Mercury which put the first Americans in space, Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy’s national goal of “landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth” by the end of the 1960’s, which he proposed in a May 25th, 1961, address to Congress. Project Mercury was followed by the two-man Project Gemini (1962–66). The first manned flight of Apollo was in 1968.

 

A magnificent desolation
A magnificent desolation, December 1, 1972
December 1st, 1972

 

Apollo 17 astronaut Evans retrieves film canister during space walk
Apollo 17 astronaut Evans retrieves film canister during space walk,
December 14th, 1972

Kennedy’s goal was accomplished on the Apollo 11 mission when astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed their Lunar Module (LM) on July 20, 1969, and walked on the lunar surface, while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit in the Command/Service Module (CSM), and all three landed safely on Earth on July 24th. Five subsequent Apollo missions also landed astronauts on the Moon, the last in December 1972. In these six spaceflights, twelve men walked on the Moon.

Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972 and was supported by the two-man Gemini program which ran concurrently with it from 1962 to 1966. Gemini missions developed some of the space travel techniques that were necessary for the success of the Apollo missions. Apollo used Saturn family rockets as launch vehicles. Apollo/Saturn vehicles were also used for an Apollo Applications Program, which consisted of Skylab, a space station that supported three manned missions in 1973–74, and the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, a joint Earth orbit mission with the Soviet Union in 1975.

Apollo 17 astronaut Harrison Schmitt collects lunar rock samples

The Apollo program succeeded in achieving its goal of manned lunar landing, despite the major setback of a 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew during a prelaunch test. After the first landing, sufficient flight hardware remained for nine follow-on landings with a plan for extended lunar geological and astrophysical exploration

Apollo 17 command

Apollo 17 onboard photo of area near the Valley of Tourus-Littrow on the lunar surface
Apollo 17 onboard photo of area near the Valley of Tourus-Littrow on the lunar surface
December 14,  roving vehicle

 

Astronaut Irwin with lunar roving vehicle, July 26, 1971
July 26, 1971
Astronaut James Irwin gives salute beside U.S. flag during lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA)
Astronaut James Irwin gives salute beside U.S. flag during lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA),
August 1, 1971

Cernan driving the rover,

Cernan driving the rover,
December 1, 1972
Lunar activities during the Apollo 15 mission,

Lunar roving vehicle during the Apollo 15th mission,
Lunar roving vehicle during the Apollo 15 mission, July 1971
July 1971
Schmitt with flag and earth above,

Scott gives salute
Scott gives salute, August 1, 1971
August 1, 1971

Apollo set several major human spaceflight milestones. It stands alone in sending manned missions beyond low Earth orbit. Apollo 8 was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body while the final Apollo 17 mission marked the sixth Moon landing and the ninth manned mission beyond low Earth orbit. The program returned 842 pounds (382 kg) of lunar rocks and soil to Earth, greatly contributing to the understanding of the Moon’s composition and geological history.

 

All photos by Nasa

Neil Patrick

Neil Patrick is one of the authors writing for The Vintage News